Scientists have identified biodiversity loss as the largest environmental driver of infectious disease outbreaks, according to a recent meta-analysis. The study, conducted by researchers, found that new infectious diseases often originate in wildlife and that the loss of species was the greatest risk factor for outbreaks, followed by climate change and the introduction of non-native species.
Urbanization was also found to decrease the risk of disease due to less wildlife and better sanitation in urban areas. Interest in zoonotic diseases has increased since the Covid-19 pandemic, which is believed to have originated from a bat. Three-quarters of emerging diseases in humans are zoonotic, highlighting the importance of understanding and addressing the link between wildlife and human health.
Previous studies have linked diseases to environmental change, but the impact of different drivers was unclear. Researchers recommend reducing emissions, biodiversity loss, and preventing invasive species to reduce the disease burden. It is hoped that this analysis will help to inform global disease control, mitigation, and surveillance efforts in the future.
The findings of this study underscore the importance of protecting biodiversity and addressing environmental changes to prevent future disease outbreaks. By understanding the connections between wildlife, humans, and the environment, we can better prepare for and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
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