World’s Largest Ancient Gene Bank Reveals Origins of Neurodegenerative Diseases
In a groundbreaking study, researchers have created the world’s largest ancient human gene bank, shedding light on the origins of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). By analyzing the bones and teeth of nearly 5,000 humans who lived across Western Europe and Asia up to 34,000 years ago, an international team of experts has mapped the historical spread of genes and diseases.
The study, conducted at the Lundbeck Foundation Geogenetics Centre at the University of Copenhagen and funded by an €8M grant from the Lundbeck Foundation, utilized ancient human DNA sequencing and compared it to modern-day samples. The research revealed that major migration around 5,000 years ago introduced risk genes into the population in north-western Europe, leading to higher rates of MS today.
Interestingly, carrying the MS gene provided an advantage to ancient farmers as it protected them from catching infectious diseases from their livestock. The research also traced genes associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s and type 2 diabetes back to hunter-gatherer populations.
Furthermore, the study proved the importance of the newly created ancient gene bank, which was developed over the past five years with funding from the Lundbeck Foundation. This unique gene bank of ancient DNA allowed researchers to gain valuable insights into ancient human migrations and genetically-determined risk profiles for the development of brain disorders.
Looking ahead, the team plans to investigate other neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, as well as psychiatric disorders such as ADHD and schizophrenia. With the vast potential of their gene bank, future analysis is hoped to reveal more about the genetic markers of autism and depression.
“The gene bank is the first of its kind in the world, and its creation has paved the way for groundbreaking research in the field of ancient human genetics,” exclaimed one of the lead researchers. The findings from this study not only shed light on the origins of neurodegenerative diseases but also provide an explanation for the higher prevalence of MS in northern Europe compared to southern Europe.
The research, which identified 233 genetic variants associated with an increased risk of developing MS, has opened up exciting new avenues for further exploration in the realm of ancient human genetics. With the promise of unlocking more secrets about our ancestors’ DNA, this study represents a significant leap forward in understanding the genetic foundation of brain disorders and human migrations.
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